South Korean HMM and European carriers Hapag-Lloyd and Maersk are ready to take on the challenge from Amazon and Ikea, among others, to transition their fleets to clean energy by 2040. However, it remains difficult to settle on a specific fuel, notes HMM.

Approaching 2030, far more oil, gas and coal is set for extraction than allowed by the Paris agreement.

Norwegian insurer Skuld is seeing an uptake in cases involving bunker fuel that buyers say failed to live up to the quality that was ordered. Skuld recommends that shipowners and charterers test the fuel they have ordered from bunker suppliers.

A strong market for chartering out container vessels has triggered a huge influx of orders at shipyards for small and mid-sized container vessels. One shipowner is behind a big share of the orders, according to Alphaliner.

The use of paper documents by fuel suppliers outside the EU could threaten the enforcement of rules for the transition of shipping to green fuels, warns European shipowners' organization ECSA.